Java Programming Basics to Brilliance Part 3

This post is a progression to previous post Java Programming Basics to Brilliance Part 2.


Before we make things complicated lets first get to know what is an array and how we can use it.

Quoting from Google,

In Java, an array is an object which holds a specified number of similar number, strings or objects. This depends on the type of array you are making.
The size of an array is set when it is initialized.
For e.g.
 int listOfNumbers[] = {1,2,3,12,2};

This is one way of making an array with values in it.
Now recall how everything in Java is nothing but an object. Considering that you can also make a blank array as follows:

String myHeroes[] = new String[5];

Now the above line of code initialized a blank array of String type of length 5.
Note that this array is of type String, so you cannot feed values other than String into it.
Let's feed some values into this array.

myHeroes[0] = "Lanaya";
myHeroes[1] = "Lina";
myHeroes[2] = "Rylai";
myHeroes[3] = "Mercurial";
myHeroes[4] = "Lyralei";

Now that we have an array of numbers listOfNumbers and an array of string myHeroes now obviously if we want to make use of this array we need a way to access these values. 
To do that we loop through the array and do whatever we want accordingly.
But before we loop through an array take note of how the length of array myHeroes is 5 but we added values up to myHeroes[4] only. This is simply because array index starts from 0 not 1 and that makes the size of array as 5.

To further clear up the confusion you can use arrayName.length; to find out the length of the array.
For e.g.

         System.out.println(myHeroes.length);


Now back to looping.
The simplest and easy to understand form of loop is a for loop. And once you understand for loop there another version of it called foreach loop which is really handy and saves lots of confusion.

for loop

for(int i=0; i<10; i++){
            System.out.println(i);
}

This simple loop will print numbers 1 to 9. How?

You can see the above for loop defined as follows

for(initial values; condition checking; update){
//loop body that executes if condition check is true
}

Now the update part of for loop need not necessarily be increment only. You can instead decrease the values, divide, multiply etc.
Rest should be pretty much self explanatory.
Lets use this loop to print the list of heroes we made.

         for(int i=0; i<myHeroes.length; i++){
            System.out.println(myHeroes[i]);
}

Collection.

Collection are a way for storing objects in Java.
Collection provide necessary features which help in ordered storage of data and easier manipulation of the same.
There are various collection interfaces in Java predefined and you can create you own collection as well.
Namely, there is
List,
ArrayList, Vector,
Queue,
LinkedList, PriorityQueue,
Set,
Sorted Set, TreeSet, HashSet, LinkedHashSet,
Map,
HashTable, HashMap, LinkedHashMap, and TreeMap.

Various Collections

Various Map Collection

Unless you are giving some exam there is no absolute need for remembering all the names.
For the sake of this tutorial and get going with Java Programming I will be using just the ArrayList with reference of List collection and might cover others in future.

Consider the program below:

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class ListExample {




public static void main(String[] args) {

List<Dog> dogsList = new ArrayList<Dog>();

String dogName;

int dogId;

for(int i=0; i<10; i++){

dogName = "Dog"+Integer.toString(i);

dogId = i;

dogsList.add(new Dog(dogId, dogName));

}

for (Dog dog : dogsList) {

System.out.println(dog.getDogId());
System.out.println(dog.getDogName());

}

}

}